Business and Corporations Law Woordside Energy Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporations Law for Woordside Energy Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Consider the following situations and indicate whether consideration is present and whether Jack has an enforceable agreement: In the present situation, Jane is the promisor and Jack is the promisee. Jane has offered the car to Jack, to which Jack has also agreed. Even when the elements of valid contract i.e. offer and acceptance are present, this situation lacks consideration. Jane has not mentioned any consideration for the promise to give Lotus Super 7 sports car to Jack. Consideration is an essential part of a contract without which the contract may be termed as void. It is pertinent for the promisor to receive some amount of consideration in return if the price. In other words, it can be said that consideration is the price paid for the promise. As per the common law, a promisee must give some consideration for the promise it receives, for such a contract to be valid and binding between the promisor and the promisee. (Caffrey, 1991) Further, in Placer Development Ltd. Commonwealth [(1969) 121 CLR 353], the court held that if either of the parties to the contract have an option to choose to which extent they should perform or if there is any ambiguity in determining consideration to be paid for the promise, then it shall not be considered as valid consideration and thus there shall not be any valid contract between the parties. Also, the promisor must specify the consideration in return of promise either directly or indirectly. The promisee cannot ponder on any aspect and consider it to be the consideration in return of the promise. It is necessary for the consideration to be legal; irrespective of it being of monetary value or non-monetary value. (Vermeesch Lindgren, 1971) Since, in the present case Jane has not determined the price for her promise i.e. to give car to Jack, this constitutes invalid consideration. Further, it cannot be said that from the circumstances of the case the consideration could be determined because Jane was going overseas so she would sell her car at market price. Consideration is not something, which promisee can ponder over and determine but it must come from the promisor. In the present case, promisor has not agreed to any price as the amount of consideration and thus there is no valid consideration. In the present case, Jane has offered to sell his car at a price of $25000, which is also the market value of this car and the same has been agreed between both the parties. The elements of offer, acceptance and consideration are clearly established between the parties. In terms of law, consideration is merely the price paid in return of the promise made to the other party. Such a price, which consists consideration must be of some value but is not always required to be monetary. Consideration also includes vesting of right, benefit or interest. (Shtein Lindgren, 1973) For consideration to be valid it must be in some form as stipulated by the promisor in favor of the promise. Consideration is the amount that the promisor asks from the promisee to fulfill the promise between them.(Clarke, 2013) The price for the car i.e. $25000 is the consideration in the present situation. This is a valid consideration since it is legal and has a distinct value in the eyes of law and is also enforceable before law. This is a real consideration agreed between the parties and thus constitutes valid and binding consideration. In the present situation, Jean has offered Jack to sell her car at $2500. This is a monetary amount, which is legal and has a value in the eyes of law. Consideration is also defined as a measure of intent between the parties, which is used in establishing legally binding obligations and rights between such parties. As long as there is a value of consideration, the courts shall not intervene and ponder over the question of adequacy of such consideration. It is pertinent for consideration to have some value but it is irrelevant of how much the value is actually. However, to this general rule of consideration, these are the following two exceptions:(Clarke, 2013) Deeds or documents under seal- where there are deeds or any documents under seal, then consideration is not mandatory to form a binding contract. Doctrine of promissory estoppel- this doctrine ensures enforcement of promises in such situations where otherwise it would be inequitable to do so. However, it is not a strict exception to consideration and thus cannot be strictly substituted in place of consideration. As mentioned above, the law is clear on the point that consideration is the price, which the promisor demands in return of the promise made. In respect to consideration, price is defined in a broad sense, which means that it is not necessary for the price to be determined in terms of monetary value. In Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., it was held that it is necessary that the consideration follows from the promisor and should move to the promisee. For consideration to be valid, it is integral that it should not be illegal or in a manner that seeks to violate any law in force. The consideration irrespective of what is it must be legally enforceable before the law. The nature of consideration was discussed in Chappell v. Nestle, wherein it was expressed that even if the promisor stipulates a mere peppercorn as consideration, it would be considered valid. Further, consideration must be such that has a value in the eyes of law. Consideration must exist in reality and should be capable of being transfer from the promisee to the promisor in lieu of the promise between them. Consideration cannot be any illusionary undertaking between the parties.(Fitzroy Legal Serive, 2015) It is of no significance that the market price of the car is $25000, but the consideration fixed in $2500. The price stipulated for the car by Jane is $2500 and the same is accepted by Jack. Thus, it forms valid consideration between the parties because all essential elements of consideration are present in it. In the present case, the main issue is that the buyers position to perform in the contract between the parties was weakened and the shipbuilder exerted wrongful use of economic pressure. This situation gives rise to economic duress. In lieu of devaluating currency, the shipbuilder demanded an extra price for the country or otherwise threatened to stop the work. On the other hand, the buyer has already entered into contracts on the basis of its contract with the shipbuilder and was required to deliver the tanker to other party. However, another issue in the present case is that even after delivery of tanker, the buyer failed to commence the legal action until a long period of nine months. Thus, now the main issue becomes whether buyer can claim the benefits of economic duress after a period of nine months. When one party takes the position of dominant party and therefore threatens to not perform in the contract until and unless certain economic conditions are not fulfilled then it constitutes economic duress. However, to prove such economic duress it is pertinent that the weaker party had no other option available rather than fulfilling the condition of the dominant party. In case of economic duress, the contract becomes voidable at the end of the weaker party and thus damages can be claimed by such party, which had to act under economic duress of the dominant party. (Stewart, 1984) The doctrine of economic duress states that if one party applies illegitimate pressure on the other party to perform then the contract becomes voidable. In Electrcity Generation Corporation t/as Verve Energy v. Woordside Energy Ltd. [2013] WA SCA 36, the Western Australian Court of Appeal held that refusing to supply additional gas and thereby forcing the other party indirectly to enter in short-term gas sale agreement, results into pressure and constitutes economic duress, wherein the contract shall be considered as voidable (Bant, 2014). In such situation, the party, which was forced to enter into contract, may claim damages before the court of law. Thus, it is pertinent for parties to consider the factor of economic duress along with good faith, when any variations are negotiated in respect to the contract. (Cahif Bordignon, 2013) In Maskell v. Horner and Skeate v. Beale, if an agreement is made under duress it cannot be termed as void. However, when there is a threat that the contract shall be rescinded and it leads to payment of valuable consideration then such contract becomes voidable so that it can be avoided and any amount of excess money can be recovered from the dominating party. Another significant principle of the contract law is the duty of the buyer to act immediately upon delivery in case any of the rights of the buyer are violated while fulfilling the contractual obligations. It is the utmost duty of the buyer to not delay in bringing the case of economic duress before the courts so that the contract can be deemed as voidable and therefore damages granted to the weaker party. Thus, a party who sleeps over his rights cannot claim such rights after a considerable period of time. The party, whose right is violated must act diligently towards it and should not make any delays in approaching the court of law. Further, in North Ocean Shipping v. Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron) [1979] QB 705, the defendants threatened the claimants that the contract would not be completed until they are made good of the profits suffered due to devaluation of currency. Considering future obligations of the claimant with other parties in respect to the same contract, the claimant agreed to payment of additional price. However, in this case the claimants bought the issue before the courts of law after a period of eight months of the delivery of ship. Thus, the court held that the contract was voidable due to economic duress and the claimants would have a right to damages under such contract, however the claimants took long to approach the contract, this implies that they have affirmed the contract and therefore the right to rescind the contract was lost. In the current situation, the consideration demanded for continuing the contract constitutes good consideration to the amount of US3$ million. Further, the buyer had already contracted other parties in regards to the tanker, which was to be delivered by the shipbuilder. Thus, the buyer had to sell the tanker and required delivery as schedules in the original agreement between them. Here the buyer did not have any right to reject the new variation introduced by the shipbuilder and had to pay the additional consideration so as to avoid future loss of business and reputation. It can be clearly concluded that the buyer was bound by the shipbuilder and was under the economic duress to perform he additional variation in the contract. Such economic duress lead the contract to be voidable at the end of the buyer, whereby giving the option to the buyer to either rescind the contract or claim damages of additional consideration or do both these options before the court. However, it was pertine nt for the buyer to bring such action before the courts of law within a considerable period of time. Bringing action after a period of nine months does not constitute considerable period and thereby restricts the right of the buyer to enforce doctrine of economic duress in his favor. Thus, it can be finally concluded that still enforce the doctrine of economic duress, the buyer should bring strong proofs as to why and how it was disabled to approach the court within a considerable period of time and thereby explain the court the reasons as to why it took the buyer good nine months to enforce its rights. In the present situation, it would be highly difficult for the buyer to establish rights after a period of nine months and this aspect is clearly explained in the Atlantic Baron Case. However, if the buyer would have approached the court without making such delay, then it would have the right as granted under the doctrine of economic duress to recover damages suffered by paying additional consideration to the shipbuilder. References Placer Development Ltd. Commonwealth [(1969) 121 CLR 353], Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1983] 1 QB 256 Chappell v. Nestle [1960] AC 87 Electrcity Generation Corporation t/as Verve Energy v. Woordside Energy Ltd. [2013] WA SCA 36 Maskell v. Horner [1915] 3 KB 106 Skeate v. Beale [1840] 11 AD E 983 North Ocean Shipping v. Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron) [1979] QB 705 Bant, E., 2014. An Opportunity Saved: Duress in the High Court of Australia: Verve Energy. [Online] Available at: https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/2014/03/12/bant-verve-energy/ [Accessed 16 July 2016]. Caffrey, B.A., 1991. Guidebook to Contract Law in Australia. Australia: CCH Australia. Cahif, A. Bordignon, L., 2013. Australia: Economic duress: be careful how you act when you hold all the power under a contract. [Online] Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/257210/Contract+Law/Economic+duress+be+careful+how+you+act+when+you+hold+all+the+power+under+a+contract [Accessed 16 July 2016]. Clarke, J., 2013. Consideration. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html [Accessed 16 July 2016]. Clarke, J., 2013. Formation of Contract. [Online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation.html [Accessed 16 July 2016]. Fitzroy Legal Serive, 2015. The Law Handbook Victorias most trusted practical guide to the law since 1977. [Online] Available at: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/ [Accessed 16 July 2016]. Shtein, B.J.L. Lindgren, K.E., 1973. An introduction to Business Law. The Law Book Company Limited. Stewart, A., 1984. Economic Duress- Legal Regulation of Commercial Pressure. Melbourne University Law Review, 14, pp.410-41. Vermeesch, R.B. Lindgren, K.E., 1971. Business Law of Australia. Butterworths.

The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Essay Example

The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Paper In Ernest Hemingways Fiesta (The Sun Also Rises) we are given an account of life in Europe, after the devastation of World War I. The main characters are expatriates living in Europe after all suffering through the War. Both their identity and their lives have been affected; consequently forcing them to be categorised as the lost generation1. In John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath we follow the Joad family as they travel west in search of a new, more prosperous life. The journey reveals the difficulties of creating an ordered, fully functioning society. In contrast to the expatriates in Fiesta; the Joads migration can be categorised as an establishment of a new generation. That is to say, a new society built on ideals of individual success and prosperity, in western America. By exploring the major themes in both novels, we can see exactly what effects the First World War and westward migration have upon the main characters. Additionally, we can see how this relates to individual actions, and American society as a whole. In Fiesta, Hemingway presents us with a series of characters whose lives have been tragically altered by the effects of the First World War. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The characters are described as expatriates by Hemingway. An expatriate is defined as a person who lives outside their native country. This term usually applies to people who have fled from their home nation for particular reasons. The characters in Fiesta have taken refuge in Paris and Hemingway focuses upon their exploits in the city. The war has affected each of the main characters uniquely and significantly. Our protagonist is Jake Barnes. He was tragically wounded in the War; which has left him impotent. Then we have our second main character, Brett Ashley, a member of the English aristocracy. She was a nurse during the war and her first love was killed. These two characters propel the novels main themes. Theyre losses have significantly affected the way they live their lives in Paris. In Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath the Joad family leave their home in Oklahoma behind to fulfil their dreams of prosperity in the west. The Joad family suffers greatly during their search for happiness. The novel reveals the difficulties and corruption that existed during the formation of a western society. The Joads represent the innocent migrants, who were persecuted by a new, evolving society that expanded over the Great Plains. Halliday makes the link of the expatriates in Fiesta to the experiences of the Joad family: There are plains in many countries that could well serve as symbols of emptiness, desolation, disaster, and death- we have some in the American west. 2 Steinbeck criticises the glamorised perception that financial success is easily achievable in the west. For Steinbeck, only way you can achieve satisfaction in all areas, is after struggle and conflict. The Joads cope with their discrimination throughout by remaining united as a family. It is this method of survival and kindness that Steinbeck praises during the novel. The effects of the War have lead critics to label the main characters in Fiesta as members of a lost generation. Their losses are significant in influencing the way they lead their lives in Paris. Being members of a lost generation, suggests that they have actually lost their sense of identity. This means that their lives no longer have any direction. The novel concentrates on the meaningless excess the main characters associate themselves with in Paris. Their lavish lifestyles lead us to believe that there is no moral boundaries in the world Hemingway has created here. This is where we notice that gender roles have also been reversed. This is most evident with Jake and Brett. Jakes wound, has in a sense removed his masculinity. He cannot maintain a relationship because of his impotence. This makes him feel less of a man; Jakes impotence gives way to a society of sexual promiscuity where they live. There does not seem to be one successful relationship; even Robert Cohns relationship with Frances is spoiled. What Jake is left with, are the personal qualities of a woman. He becomes more interested in not being alone and has lost his control over his life and others. It is his inevitable frustration that makes us pity him: We thus find Jake Barness war-wound impotence a kind of metaphor for the whole atmosphere of sterility and frustration 3 Hemingway then uses Brett to show how gender roles are reversed in Fiesta. Brett also lost something during the war; Her own true love had just kicked off with dysentery. (p48) This is the only time that Brett has been in a meaningful relationship. With the loss of her fist love, Brett is no longer able to sustain a relationship built on love and trust. Hemingway reveals this by portraying Brett as a very masculine woman. Her hair is short, she is boyish and she refers to the men as chaps. She is the promiscuous character in the novel; and behaves like a man, intimidating others and playing with the opposite sex. Spilka claims that this is the reason why love is not evident in the novel: when men no longer command respect, and women replace their natural warmth with masculine freedom and mobility, there can be no serious love. 4 The exchange in gender roles creates an additional misdirection in the lives of the main characters; without a sense of their own sexuality, theyre can be no internal identification of self. By viewing the Joad family as the new generation, we can understand the significance of their rites of passage to the west. They are in a sense, on a pilgrimage to the Promised Land. It is necessary that tests must be passed during a pilgrimage; in order to achieve success and fulfilment. The entire journey is a search for new identity. They are no longer from Oklahoma; they have left it behind. Steinbeck has characters referring to the Joads as Okies throughout; nevertheless, all the migrants are united in the search for land and prosperity. They labour on the land but it is never fully theirs. We recognize that the Joads will only feel like westerners when theyre blood and sweat has spilled onto their own land. For a new generation to be born, the older generation must give way. This is indicated with the death of both grandparents during the journey to the west. The grandparents are unable in making the transition to a new area or identification of self. They are tied to the land in Oklahoma; it is particularly significant that Grandma dies on the border to the west. She knows she cannot survive the difficulties that will face the rest of the family. Her own death is the beginning of the Joads progression into a new generation. It is apparent throughout the novel, that the characters in Fiesta have no meaning or direction in their lives. Their days are filled with drinking, eating and dancing. Their lavish lifestyles have no structure, and they respect wealth. Count Mippipopolous is admired for his generosity and wealth. Brett only remains friends with him because of his generosity. His wealth represents his masculinity; Brett therefore admires him, while Jake cannot help but feel threatened: Isnt it wonderful, said Brett. We all have titles. Why havent you a title, Jake? (p68) The Count also comments on Bretts lifestyle: Youre always drinking my dear. (p70) Hemingway emphasises the extravagance of Brett and Jakes lifestyle, through the outside characters. Robert Cohn is the prime example; he wants to escape it all and go to South America. Jake does not want to join him and we get the sense that he is afraid to start his life over again after the life he leads created by the aftermath of the war. The fact that Jake is hesitant in going also represents his dependence on a life with no structure or direction. In The Grapes of Wrath the only figures who experience excess and luxury, are the wealthy farm owners. Steinbeck intentionally makes these characters anonymous; they are myths among the poor, oppressed workers in the west. Their wealth is in direct contrast to the poverty of the workers. The wealth of the farm owners is further increased due to the oppression of the labourers. Steinbeck makes a direct insult towards the wealthy who exploited the unskilled, western workforce. The Joads suffer to feed themselves and the feeling of injustice and subordination is reiterated during the Joads stay in the camps. The injustice of worker exploitation is linked with the theme of the overall lack of justice in The Grapes of Wrath. The government run camps are personifications of injustice. There seems to be no structure of law or moral order. Steinbeck reveals that those who control the social and economic structures of the west are the complete antithesis of legality and order. This is the cause of the Joads persecution. Wealth and injustice also link into the Joads conversion into a new genera tion. Chapter 7 is the most effective example in revealing how the Joads have not yet crossed over into a modern lifestyle. The car salesmen, however, are fast talking opportunists. They are out to exploit theyre customers; and the Joads are exploited throughout the text. Steinbeck is making the point that the modern, capitalist economy is dominated by greed and corruption: Watch the womans face. If the woman likes it we can screw the old man. (p68) It is a main theme throughout the novel that the Joads are representing the traditional, family values that Steinbeck believes America was built on. As the Joads struggle to survive in the exploitation and corruption of western capitalism; they are also struggling to promote their traditional values of kindness and togetherness: wenty families became one family, the children were the children of all. (p206) In Fiesta none of the characters offer any meaningful advice to each other. They are blunt and sometimes extremely cruel during their conversations. The only person who does not retaliate is Robert: I do not know how people could say such terrible things to Robert Cohn. (p59) Robert is different to the other char acters in the novel. He accepts the way the war has affected the others. He understands that they are incapable of being considerate to other peoples feelings. That is why he suffers so much humiliation. His life has not been so drastically been poisoned by the aftermath of the war. As Spilka reveals, Robert has been affected in a different way: it turns him into an armed romantic, a man who can damage others in defense of his own beliefs. 5 By distinguishing the difference between Robert and the other characters, we understand his role in the novel. He is envied by all the men, except Romero. When he is introduced it is always under formal circumstances; either as Robert Cohn or simply just Cohn. Jake especially admires his stubborn moral values and his ability to have an affectionate relationship with Frances. Linked to the exchange of gender roles in Fiesta; we see the effects this has on the characters sexually. For example, Jake Barnes picks up a prostitute early on in the novel. He does not intend to sleep with her because he is impotent; instead he takes her out to dinner and dancing. The fact that he is impotent is the most relevant here, he says he feels sick: She looked up to be kissed. She touched me with one hand and I put her hand away Whats the matter? You sick? Yes. (p21) His impotence has distanced him from women; therefore, rendering him unable to sustain a relationship or even feel sexually close to a woman ever again. The only woman he can clearly show his affections to is Brett. Unfortunately, Jake cannot rescue her from her promiscuity, because theyre relationship can never be sexual. Leslie Fielder argues that Brett can never be saved because of Jakes wound: In the end, not only are her physical lovers unmanned and degraded, but even Jake, who is her priest and is protected by his terrible wound, is humiliated. 6 The only man capable of redeeming Brett is Romero the bullfighter. This is because he is different to every man in the rest of the novel. He has not lost his masculinity in any way shape or form. He is respected as an aficionado and as a man. His relationship with Brett threatens her independent sexuality: He wanted me to grow my hair out. Me, with long hair He said it would make me more womanly. (p280) Romero is in a sense nai ve that he thinks he can change Brett; however, Brett is also unwilling to be freed from her sexual confinement into a meaningful relationship. In The Grapes of Wrath the mother is the leader of the family. She takes the role of the father as he gradually fades away into insignificance, to direct and inspire her family into persevering against discrimination. She is the foundation of the family; without her, we get the feeling that the family would not survive through its journey. Steinbeck describes her as a strong, muscular woman. As previously identified, both grandparents died before the family got to the west. There are many examples of death in the novel, yet there is only one distinct example of birth. Tied into the theme of birth, is the theme of motherhood. The only woman capable of both is Rose of Sharon. Towards the end of the novel, she gives birth to a stillborn child. This is extremely significant to the novels overall theme of the new generation. The birth of the child represents the familys success in converting to a new generation of westerners. The death of the old generation gives way for the new. Nevertheless, Steinbeck has the birth of the baby result in a death. This paradox reveals that the family has still not fully made its pilgrimage into the new generation. Rather than deal with the death as a disaster, the family continue on their journey, confident they will prevail. Steinbeck is showing the reader that even in death, there is hope; again linked with the death of the grandparents before the Joads reach the west. The ending of the novel has Rose of Sharon acting like a mother, sustaining life with her body. Our final thought is that the family will be sustained by the land, like Rose of Sharon preserving life with her natural instinct as a mother. In Fiesta and The Grapes of Wrath we are presented with two distinct generations struggling to define each other. To fully integrate the texts into one identification of self; we must look at the basis of each novel. In the epigraph to Fiesta Hemingway uses two phrases; one from Gertrude Stein and an extract from Ecclesiastes, in the Bible. Stein called the expatriates of the First World War the lost generation. While in Ecclesiastes, Hemingway uses the quote: One generation passeth away, and another generation commeth. The epigraph is important in revealing how Hemingway still believes there is hope for mans salvation and that the lost generation will be replaced. Similarly, in The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck insisted on including the full version of the Battle Hymn of the Republic in its first edition: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming Lord/ He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored 7 Steinbeck believed it had great significance and portrayed all types of American identity. Both authors used these sources for the original titles of both novels. Fiesta is also known as The Sun Also Rises. Hemingway and Steinbeck are both making the point that man will find salvation against the persecution of society; and that the only form of life that will always remain is the earth. To conclude , we can see how both novels are linked in the search for identity and the salvation of man. Hemingway and Steinbeck criticise extravagance, because it fuels greed and corruption. It is the traditional values portrayed by Romero and the Joads, which will save mankind. This is shown in Fiesta, when during the mens fishing trip, Wilson-Harris confesses that Ive not had so much fun since the war Their break from the city into a rural setting; away from the excess and greed of Paris convinces them that they can still escape from the effects of the war. In The Grapes of Wrath the Joads search for their identity as a family, trampling out the seeds of wrath planted by the corruption of man in the west. We get the sense that all the characters will be saved from their oppression and that man will always have hope.

Oedipus the King

In Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, Oedipus is told from an oracle that was going to kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus left Cornith, his home, to get away from this omen. In fact Oedipus did kill his biological father and marry his biological mother. After learning the truth, Oedipus punished himself by stabbing his eyes out and exiling himself from Thebes. The sentence for the crime of parricide and incest was fair. "I pray that that man's life be consumed in evil and wretchedness. And as for me, this curse applies no less," (1.31) Oedipus made this promise to the people of Thebes, reassuring them that the criminal would suffer the consequences even if he himself were the murder. When Oedipus was told by the many accountants that he fit the description of the murderer he was outraged. "Too long been blind to those for whom I was searching! From this hour, go in darkness!" (exodos.49) Oedipus said this as he stabbed his eyes, leaving himself blind. Oedipus' punishment fit his crime because his life as he knew it would never be the same. He now had to live with the guilt of murder and incest. "Drive me out of this country as quickly as may be To a place where no human voice can ever greet me." (exodos.207) Oedipus also exiled himself from Thebes. Not only leaving himself blind but with out family or friends. Oedipus chose an exile from Thebes to leave everything he knew and had. He also proved himself to the people of Thebes by showing them that he was a strong man for upholding his vow to punish the guilty man. Another reason Oedipus left the country was because he did not want his children to see him as a blind sinner. Oedipus' exile was fair because by doing this he lived with less guilt. He wouldn't think about what people thought of him after a few years. By not seeing him the people of Thebes would most likely forget of the wretchedness that had occurred...

How to Improve Your Vocabulary

How to Improve Your Vocabulary There are many ways to improve your vocabulary. When working to do so, its important to know your goals in order to best choose the way in which you want to learn. For instance, reading can be a great way to improve your vocabulary, but it wont be much help on a vocabulary test next week. Here are a number of methods to help you improve and expand your English vocabulary. Synonyms and Antonyms A synonym is a word that has a similar meaning. An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning. When learning new vocabulary, try to find at least two synonyms and two antonyms for each word. This is especially important when learning adjectives or adverbs.   Use a Thesaurus A thesaurus is a reference book that provides synonyms and antonyms. Used by writers to help find just the right word, a thesaurus can also help English learners expand their vocabulary. You  can use an  online thesaurus  which makes finding a synonym easier than ever. Vocabulary Trees Vocabulary trees help provide context. Once youve mapped out a few vocabulary trees, youll discover yourself thinking in vocabulary groups. When you see a cup your mind will quickly relate such words as knife, fork, plate, dishes, etc.   Create Vocabulary Themes Create a list of vocabulary themes and include a definition and an example sentence for each new item. Learning by theme emphasizes words that are related. This will help you memorize new vocabulary because of the connections between these words and your chosen theme. Use Technology to Help You Watching movies or sitcoms is a great way to help you understand native speakers of English. Use the  options of watching individual scenes to make DVD use into a vocabulary learning exercise. For example, watch one scene from a movie in English only. Next, watch the same scene in your native language. After that, watch the same scene in English with subtitles. Finally, watch the scene in English without subtitles. By watching the scene four times and using your own language to help, youll pick up a lot of idiomatic language. Specific Vocabulary Lists Rather than studying a long list of unrelated vocabulary, use specific vocabulary lists to help you prepare for the type of vocabulary you need for work, school, or hobbies. These business vocabulary word lists are great for industry-specific vocabulary items. Word Formation Charts Word formation refers to the form a word takes. For example, the word satisfaction  has four forms: Noun: satisfaction   The satisfaction of a job well done is worth the effort.Verb: satisfy Taking this course will satisfy your degree requirements.Adjective: satisfying / satisfied   I found the dinner very satisfying.Adverb: satisfyingly His mother smiled satisfyingly as her son won the award. Word formation is one of the keys to success for advanced level ESL learners. Advanced level English exams such as the TOEFL, First Certificate CAE, and Proficiency use word formation as one of the key testing elements. These word formation charts provide the concept noun, personal noun, adjective, and verb forms of key vocabulary listed in alphabetical order. Research  Specific Positions A great place to start learning vocabulary for a specific job is the Occupational Outlook Handbook. At this site, you will find detailed descriptions of specific positions. Use these pages to take note of key vocabulary related to the profession. Next, use this vocabulary and write your own description of your position.   Visual Dictionaries A picture is worth a thousand words. Its also very helpful for learning precise vocabulary. There are a number of excellent English learner visual dictionaries for sale. Here is an online version of a visual dictionary dedicated to jobs. Learn Collocations Collocations refer to words that often or always go together. A good example of a collocation is  do your homework.  Ã‚  Collocations can be learned through the use of corpora.  Corpora  are huge collections of documents that can track the number of times a word is used.  Another alternative is to use a collocation dictionary. This is especially helpful when focusing on business English. Vocabulary Learning Tips Use vocabulary learning methods to focus quickly on the vocabulary YOU need to study.  Dont make random lists of new words. Try to group words in themes. This will help you memorize new words more quickly.Always add context by writing out  a few example sentences using new vocabulary.  Keep a vocabulary notepad at hand whenever you are reading in English.Use a flashcard app on your smartphone to review vocabulary when you have some extra time.  Before you begin your day, choose five words and try to use each word during conversations throughout the day.

Labour Market Segmentation Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labour Market Segmentation Theory - Term Paper Example 56-60). Labor market segmentation theory is actually one of neo-classical economic theories. According to the neoclassical economists, there is a labor market, which is similar to other markets with sellers and buyers in open competition with one another. It is different from the other markets in some ways. It is a universal fact that labor is not a homogeneous commodity, when it comes to the interests and choice between work and leisure it varies from worker to worker, have different tastes for monetary rewards as opposed to non-monetary rewards (Toft, pp. 36-44). In a labor market, neither the employer nor the workers can move from one place to another without incurring certain costs. It results in wages remaining high in cities that are big even when there are many workers unemployed when other parts of the country are taken into account. Local labor market is a term that often comes under utilization to refer to the market with jobs restricted to a particular locale it can be a t own or a city. Where employers in different industries require certain skills and wish to keep workers once the workers are equipped with certain skills industrial labor markets arise (Toft, pp. 25-30).

Spiritual and religious traditions of our ancestors Essay

Spiritual and religious traditions of our ancestors - Essay Example After awhile, he left the tent and went straight to the Confederate picket line where he seriously tried to commit suicide. (Blaise, n.d.) In the end, he was considered to be a hero for successfully diverting the Federal attack away from the civil war. For this reason, he was given the option to choose his own assignment in which he had chosen to see the ‘frontier’ – a remote post in remote South Dakota. As he reaches close to the Sioux village, a Sioux woman cuts her own wrists because her husband past away. (Willis, 2000) However, Dunbar was able to stop her from going through her plan of committing suicide. This woman happens to be a white woman that was raised by the Sioux tribe. For this reason, she became Dunbar’s personal interpreter. In the end, both Dunbar and the interpreter fell in love. The tribe is composed of the whites, the Sioux, and the Pawnee where racism has become the main reason for the civil war. (Willis, 2000) The group of individuals coming from three different races strongly hates people who are different from their own race. The story shows a great violence among the white Americans among other whites, the white on Indians, Indians on white, and Indian among the Indians. The Sioux were directed to show humanity in everyday life which causes the viewers to take side on them when they were at war with the Pawnee. As part of showing the intense war between the three groups of people, the use of profanity was enormous throughout the story. Religiously speaking, there should be no war and everyone should respect each other as brothers and sisters regardless of race, gender and status in life. However, the film focuses more on civil war that strongly violates humanity and the right of men to live. It is a religious tradition that once the husband or the wife past away, the widow or the widower has to mourn for the dead husband or wife for a certain period of time. However, this was

Product Lyfe Cylce of Iphone Essay Example for Free

Product Lyfe Cylce of Iphone Essay In class we learned about product life cycles and how the product life cycle tells us how the product is doing in the market. A product goes through four stages in the product life cycle and they are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In the introduction stage the company promotes the product in order to create awareness. In the growth stage the sales and profits increase. In the maturity stage most of the profit is earned during this stage and competitors are established. In the decline stage the sales decline and profits also go down. During this stage the company could decide to cut off the product as well. The IPhone 4s is currently in the maturity stage and there are many competitors that the IPhone has to deal with right now. Just to name a few Samsung Galaxy S II HD, Galaxy Note, HTC Sensation 4G, and Motorola Droid. In the current stage Apple has to deal with all the competitors that I’ve listed and the market share is going down along with profits. The reason why I say that is because when it comes to technology people want to buy the latest thing and if Apple isn’t changing there phone or software for the phone then they are going to lose customers due to new technology and software on the other phones. When the IPhone first came out it was always in the growth stage because it didn’t have any competitors and the sales were always going up because everyone wanted one. But that didn’t last because competitors came out with touch screen phone that were cheaper then the IPhone. And as of right now the first IPhone is the decline stage because they no longer make them and no software updates are available as well. For the IPhone 4S to stay in the maturity it must come out with a software update. Apple is currently working on IOS 6 which is coming this fall and its going to have features that will make it easier for people who have disabilities to use the devices. Another app that got updated was Maps, which will now give you turn-by-turn spoken directions, interactive 3D view, and a new flyover feature will allow you to see major metro areas from an airplane. It will also have another new app called Passbook that will store your boarding passes, movie tickets, retail coupons, loyalty cards in your phone. Also new calling feature that will let you reply with a text message or set a callback reminder when you decline a call. And there are many other features that are going to be new or improved in IOS 6, which will set up  the IPhone 4S to continue to be on the maturity stage. Another thing they could do in order to stay in the maturity stage is reduce the price of the IPhone 4S which will increase sales and profit.